Tissue Microarrays Tkiva Microarrays
Tissue Microarrays an Introduction : Tkiva Microarrays An Introduction:
Tissue microarrays (TMAs) are used to analyze the expression of genes simultaneously in multiple individual tissue samples on one slide. Tissue microarrays (TMAs) koriste se za analizu ekspresije gena istovremeno u više pojedinačnih uzoraka tkiva na jedan slajd. TMAs are composed of small 0.6 - 3.0 mm cores of tissue from donor tissue paraffin blocks which are arrayed at a high density on a slide. TMAs se sastoji od male 0,6 - 3,0 mm jezgre od tkiva od donatora tkiva parafin blokove koji su raspoređenih na visoke gustoće na slajd.
Technology Insight: identification of biomarkers with tissue microarray technology Jena M Giltnane and David L Rimm Nature Clinical Practice Oncology (2004) 1, 104-111 Technology Insight: identifikacija biomarkera u tkivu microarray tehnologija Jena M Giltnane i David L Rimm prirode kliničkoj praksi Oncology (2004) 1, 104-111
Tissue Microarrays have allowed tissue traditional analysis of conventional histologic paraffin blocks to become miniturized and high-throughput. Tkiva Microarrays su dozvoljeni tkiva tradicionalna analiza konvencionalno histologic parafin blokove postati miniturized i visoke propusnosti.
Histochemical and molecular detection techniques can be used on the TMA slides, and thus allow TMAs to be powerful tools to examine gene expression profiling in disease states across a variety of patients and disease conditions. Molecular detection histokemijsko i tehnika se može koristiti na TMA slajdove, i time omogućiti TMAs biti moćna alata za profiliranje ispitati Ekspresija gena u bolesti država preko raznih bolesnika i bolesti uvjetima.
Tissue Microarray Contents Tkivni Microarray Sadržaj
Characteristics of Tissue Arrays Karakteristike tkiva Razvrstati
Tissue Microarray Synthesis Tkivni Microarray Synthesis
Advantages of TMAs Prednosti TMAs
Types of Tissue Arrays Vrste tkiva Razvrstati
Analysis Software Analiza Software
Tissue Chip References Tkiva Chip Reference
Characteristics of Tissue Microarrays : Karakteristike tkiva Microarrays:
- 50 - 500 tissues or more can be analyzed per slide block 50 - 500 ili više tkiva mogu biti analizirani po slajd blok
- high throughput visoke propusnosti
- relatively low cost relativno niska cijena
- can be stained with a variety of stains such as H & E stained može biti stained s različitim mrlje kao što su H & E stained
- slides can be analyzed with a wide-variety of techniques slajdova može biti analizirani s wide-različitim tehnikama
- automated analysis and data collection with many techniques automatska analiza i prikupljanje podataka s mnogo tehnike
Tissue Microarray Synthesis : Tkivni Microarray Synthesis:
Tissue Microarrays are produced using a microtome which sections tissue into 4 - 5 micrometer sections (see figure 1 above). Tkiva Microarrays proizvedeni su pomoću microtome koji su dijelovi tkiva u 4 - 5 micrometer dijelovi (vidi Slika 1 gore). These core tissue biopsy sections are taken from specific areas of interest from paraffin-embedded tissue blocks. These cynlindrical cores of tissue are re-embedded into an arrayed blank recipient blocks. Ovi odjeljci core biopsija tkiva uzeta su iz specifičnih područja interesa iz parafina-ugrađen tkiva blokova. Cynlindrical Ove jezgre od tkiva su re-ugrađen u zaodjenu prazno primatelja blokova. Using this method, more than 500 tissue cores can be arrayed on a single slide! Koristeći ovu metodu, više od 500 tkivo jezgre može biti raspoređenih na jedan slajd! The master block was developed by Konenen et al. Master blok je developed by Konenen et al.
Applications of Tissue Microarrays : Applications of tkiva Microarrays:
- Immunohistochemistry Imunohistokemija
- Staining of : H & E, HC, ISH, Staining: H & E, HC, ISH,
- In situ hybridization In situ hibridizacija
- Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) Fluorescentna in situ hibridizacije (FISH)
- In situ PCR In situ PCR
- RNA or DNA expression analysis RNA ili DNA izraz analiza
- TUNEL assay for apoptosis TUNEL esej za apoptoza
- Morphological and Clinical Characterisation of Many Patient Tissues Morfološke i Kliničke Karakterizacija Mnogi Patient tkiva
Advantages of Tissue Arrays or Tissue Chips : Prednosti Razvrstati tkiva ili tkiva Čipovi:
- Experimental uniformity Experimental uniformnost
- Allows amplification (and conservation) of scarce tissue samples Omogućava pojačanje (i konzerviranje) jedva uzoraka tkiva
- Saving the assay volume Spremanje i esej volume
- Reduces the number of slides examined (conventional slides tissue paraffin) Smanjuje broj slajdova pregledanih (konvencionalna slajdove tkiva parafin)
- High-throughput High-propusnost
- Analysis can be automated and data can be computerized Analiza može biti automatiziran i podataka mogu biti kompjuterizirani
Types of Tissue Microarrays : Vrste tkiva Microarrays:
Cryo - Tissue Microarrays : Cryo-TMAs uses frozen tissues which are embedded in an optimal cutting temperature compound. Cryo - Tkivni Microarrays: Cryo-TMAs koristi smrznute tkiva koja su ugrađena u optimalno rezanje temperatura compound. These cryo-TMAs due to their freezing are superior to formalin fixed tissues for RNA and protein analysis. Ove cryo-TMAs zbog smrzavanja su superiorniji u formalin fixed tkiva za analizu proteina i RNA. Also, antibodies work much betterl with frozen tissues. Također, protutijela rad s mnogo betterl frozen tkiva.
Multi-tumours Tissue Microarrays : multi-tumour TMAs have many different types of tissues aligned on the slide. Multi-tumori tkiva Microarrays: multi-tumor TMAs imati mnogo različitih tipova tkiva uskladio na slajd. The technique was first used by Kononen et al., 1998. Kononen used this type of TMA to detect 6 gene amplifications. Tehnika je prvi put korišten od strane Kononen et al., 1998. Kononen koriste ovaj tip TMA za otkrivanje 6 gena amplifications. p53 expression was also examined in breast cancer tissue. p53 expression također je ispitan u karcinom dojke tkiva.
Progression Tissue Microarrays : This type of tissue microarray examines different stages of tumour (or disease) progression within a given organ. Napredovanje tkiva Microarrays: Ovaj tip tissue microarray ispituje različite faze tumora (ili bolest) napredovanje unutar danog organa. For example, examination of tumours in the breast. Na primjer, ispitivanje tumori u prsa. These slides can then be assayed for markers of interest, or biochemical analysis of the samples can be done. Te slajdove mogu biti assayed za biljezi interesa, ili biokemijske analize uzorci se može obaviti.
Prognosis Tissue Microarrays : Disease samples such as tumour biopsies can be taken from patients and examined. Prognoza tkiva Microarrays: uzorci bolesti kao što su tumor biopsies može biti oduzeta i pregledanih pacijenata. These samples can be used for clinical follow-ups to monitor the patient's progression. Ovi uzorci se mogu koristiti za kliničku slijedite-up za monitor pacijenta's napredovanje. Data is then analyzed and compared with other clinical data. Podaci se zatim analiziraju i uspoređuju s drugim kliničkim podacima.
Tissue Microarray Software and Bioinformatics : Tkivni Microarray Softver i bioinformatika:
Software Tools for High-Throughput Analysis of Tissue Microarrays: Image Archiving and Data Analysis Softverski alati za Visoko-propusna moć Analiza tkiva Microarrays: Image arhiviranje i analizu podataka
Contains the following software: Softver sadrži sljedeće:
TMA-Deconvoluter and Stainfinder. TMA-Deconvoluter i Stainfinder. The deconvoluter converts raw scoring worksheets from the 3-D Tissue Microarray layout into a 2-D tabulated table format suitable for further data analysis. The deconvoluter pretvara sirovi bodovanje worksheets iz 3-D tkiva Microarray raspored u 2-D tabeliran stol format pogodan za daljnju analizu podataka.
Tissue Array Data Analysis : Software to creating an interactive database for TMA image viewing and data input. Tkiva Array Data Analysis: Softver za kreiranje interaktivnih baza podataka TMA za gledanje slika i podataka ono što se umeće.
TAD : Tissue Array Database Software for Download. TAD: tkiva Array Database Software za download.
TMAJ : set of software tools used to manage Tissue MicroArray (TMA) data and information.. TMAJ: skup softverskih alata za upravljanje tkiva MicroArray (TMA) podataka i informacije ..
Original Tissue Microarray Reference Papers: Izvorni tkiva Microarray Referentni radovi:
Battifora H: The multitumor (sausage) tissue block: novel method for immunohistochemical antibody testing. Battifora H: multitumor (kobasica) tkiva blok: roman metoda za testiranje imunohistokemijski antitijela. Lab Invest 1986, 55:244-248. Lab Invest 1986, 55:244-248.
Kononen J, Bubendorf L, Kallioniemi A, Barlund M, Schraml P, Leighton S, Torhorst J, Mihatsch MJ, Sauter G, Kallioniemi OP: Tissue microarrays for high-throughput molecular profiling of tumor specimens. Kononen J, Bubendorf L, Kallioniemi A, M Barlund, Schraml P, S Leighton, Torhorst J, Mihatsch MJ, Sauter G, Kallioniemi OP: microarrays tkiva za high-molecular propusnost profiliranje tumora primjercima. Nat Med 1998, 4:844-847. NAT Med 1998, 4:844-847.
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