Information on DNA Microarrays Informacije o DNA Microarrays
DNA Microarrays, an Introduction : DNA Microarrays, An Introduction:
Introduction to Microarrays Uvod u Microarrays
Availability of whole genomic sequences from many organisms (such as the human genome project) have created the need for high throughput analysis of gene expression patterns. Raspoloživost cijele genocid sekvence iz mnogih organizama (kao što su ljudski genom projekt) su stvorili potrebu za visoku propusnost analysis of gene expression uzoraka.
DNA microarrays have revolutionized functional and genomic analysis. DNA microarrays su revolutionized funkcionalna analiza i genocid.
The Evolution of the DNA Microarray: The Evolution of DNA Microarray:
In the 1980's, bacterial colonies were spotted on nylon membranes with different genomic inserts or cDNAs U 1980's, bakterijske kolonije su uočena na najlon membrane s različitim genocid unosi ili cDNAs
The 1990's resulted in the emergence of ink-jet spotting methods which allowed the in situ synthesis of 60-mer oligo spots on glass slides. U 1990 je rezultiralo u pojavu s mlazom uočavanje metode koje je dopušteno u situ sinteza 60-mer oligo mjesta na staklu dijapozitiva.
Affymetrix further developed DNA microarrays which were based on high-density 25-mer oligos from human cDNA sequences. Affymetrix dalje razvila DNA microarrays koje su na temelju visoke gustoće 25-mer oligos iz ljudskih cDNA sekvenci.
Background on DNA Microarrays Pozadina na DNA Microarrays
The basic premise of the DNA microarray is that RNA samples or targets are hybridized to known cDNAs/oligo probes on the arrays. Osnovni prostor od DNA microarray je da se uzorci RNA ili mete su hybridized to poznato cDNAs / oligo proba na polja.
Microarrays were originally designed to measure gene expression levels of a few genes. Microarrays su prvotno dizajnirana za mjerenje gene expression razinama nekoliko gena. Recently, high density microarrays have been developed which have allowed the global analysis of gene expression or the transcriptome. This global analysis allows one to determine the cellular function of genes, the nature and regulation of biochemical pathways, and the regulatory mechanisms at play during certain signalling conditions or diseases. Nedavno, visoke gustoće microarrays Razvijene su koji su dozvoljeni u globalnu analizu Ekspresija gena ili transcriptome. Ova globalna analiza omogućuje da odredimo funkciju stanični geni, narav i regulaciju biokemijskih putevi, i regulatorni mehanizmi i igrati tijekom određenog signalizacija stanja ili bolesti.
Regulation of Transcription and DNA Microarrays Regulacija transkripcije i DNA Microarrays
The Human Genome Project has allowed a vast wealth of information to come into our hands. The Human Genome Projekt je dopuštena su velika bogatstva informacija kako bi došao u naše ruke. However, a huge problem is analyzing the new genes and putative regulatory functions of these genes. Međutim, veliki problem je da analizira novi geni i narodni regulatorne funkcije od tih gena. DNA microarray analysis has allowed these newly annotated genes and novel genes to be examined. New regulatory pathways can be examined using DNA microarrays. DNA microarray analiza je dopušteno ovim novo označeni gena i novih gena u biti ispitan. Novoga regulatornog putevi mogu biti ispitan pomoću DNA microarrays. For example, the new gene may be a transcriptional factor. Microarrays can examine the effect that gene has on thousands of genes at a time, under many conditions in a simple and fast manner. Na primjer, novi gen svibanj biti transcriptional faktor. Microarrays može ispitati učinak gena koji ima na tisuće gena u određenom trenutku, pod uvjetima u mnogim jednostavan i brz način.
Applications of DNA Microarrays Applications of DNA Microarrays
DNA microarrays have been used to examine the gene expression changes under diseases such as cancer. Tumour profiling using DNA microarrays allows the analysis of the development and the progression of such complex diseases. DNA microarrays su se ispitati Ekspresija gena mijenja pod bolesti poput raka. Tumorskoj profil koristeći DNA microarrays omogućuje analizu na razvoj i napredovanje tih složenih bolesti.
Using DNA microarrays, one can examine targets for drug discovery and potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for many complex diseases. Korištenje DNA microarrays, može se pregledati ciljeve za otkrivanje droga i potencijal dijagnostički i prognostički biomarkera za mnoge kompleksne bolesti.
DNA microarrays are used commonly to detect viruses and other pathogens from blood samples and thus can be used as a pathogen detection method. DNA microarrays se koriste najčešće za otkrivanje virusa i drugi patogeni iz uzoraka krvi i na taj način može se koristiti kao metoda za otkrivanje pathogen.
DNA microarrays have been more recently used to identify inheritable markers, and therefore have been used as a genotyping tool. DNA microarrays su u novije vrijeme koriste za identifikaciju inheritable markeri, i zato su korišteni kao alat genotipizacija.
SNP chips based on DNA microarray technology have allowed the high throughput profiling of single nucleotide polymorphisms using a chip or array approach. This has allowed polymorphisms to be more quickly assayed and also their relavence to disease to be easily determined. SNP čips na temelju DNA microarray tehnologije su dozvoljeni visoke propusnosti profiliranje jednog nukleotidne polimorfizmi pomoću čip ili polje pristup. To je dozvoljeno polimorfizmi se brže assayed i njihove relavence na bolest se lako određuje.
Advantages of DNA Microarrays Prednosti DNA Microarrays
DNA microarrays are better than other profiling methods (such as SAGE, SH, PCR methods) in that they are: DNA microarrays su bolje od drugih profil metoda (kao što su kadulja, SH, PCR metoda) u koje su:
- easier to use -- Lakša za korištenje
- are high-throughput (can analyze thousands of genes or markers at a time) -- Su visoke propusnosti (može analizirati tisuća gena ili markeri u isto vrijeme)
- generate large amounts of data in little time -- Generirati velike količine podataka u malo vremena
- do not require large-scale sequencing -- Ne zahtijevaju velike redoslijed
- allow the quantitation of thousands of genes from many samples -- Dopustiti quantitation tisuća gena od mnogih uzoraka
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